WARNING: THESE ARE DRAFTS BY AN AMATEUR, NOT A PROFESSIONAL. THERE ARE KNOWN ERRORS AND INACCURACIES IN THESE TRANSLATIONS. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. DO NOT USE AS AN ACADEMIC SOURCE.

For complete beginners to the time period, it is recommended to read introductions to the material first to gain appropriate context:

• An Introduction to the End of Han and the Three Kingdoms

This is a Translation Project of the Sanguozhi 三國志 Record of Three States, the canonical Chinese Standard History of the Three States era [220-265], from Classical Chinese 文言 to English. The ultimate goal of this project is to eventually produce a translation of the full history.

ROUGH DRAFTS of translations are posted here and made freely available online in a belief that some may find them interesting. THESE TRANSLATIONS ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR PRODUCTION LEVEL RESEARCH. SPELLING ERRORS, GRAMMAR ERRORS, AND MISTRANSLATED MATERIAL ABOUND. Rough drafts may be corrected, edited, and/or removed at any time. All translations and drafts are copyright, and are not to be reproduced. Please do not copy this material elsewhere (this is mostly to prevent error propagation). We cannot guarantee perfect accuracy in translations in these drafts. DO NOT ASSUME ANY DRAFT TRANSLATION IS ACCURATE. Submissions of corrections or alternative translations are welcome.

(Home Page last updated 2025 February 2)